New Democracy And Manifesto Of Korean Communist Party

Linhe Yang (A13880961) HILD 12 TA: Chuchu Wang Primary Document Analysis of On New Democracy and Manifesto of Korean Communist Party In January of 1940, Zedong Mao delivered a speech during a liberal conference in Yan’an, the center of communism and socialism in China. In the speech, Mao argued that the fate of Chinese revolution must be held in hands of proletariats, and as a leading result, the revolution must construct China as a socialism country. Two decades ago, in 1921, Shanghai, Korean communists also declared their country’s independence by publishing The Manifesto of Korean Communist Party. Bothered by Japan’s invasion on their country, Korean Communists severely criticized on Japanese colonists’ dominance on their†¦show more content†¦In the speech, Mao emphasized three major concepts: 1. Different from any other socialism revolution happened before, Chinese revolution was in form of both capitalism and socialism ideology. The revolution was initiated by elite class, representing capitalism, but promoted and de veloped by workers and peasants, representing communism. Mao focus discussing about it in the fifth part of speech, by directly indicating â€Å"Therefore, the proletariat, the peasantry, the intelligentsia and the other sections of the petty bourgeoisie undoubtedly constitute the basic forces determining China s fate†. (Page 10, Mao) 2. The Chinese revolution can be broke into two parts, and these two parts must be completed step by step. Mao argued only after China finished the new democratic revolution against imperialism and feudalism it could start the socialism revolution. Mao also had a famous quote describing the revolution process: â€Å"We should clean up dirt in our living room before welcoming the guest†, in which dirt symbolizes semi-colonial status from Qing dynasty and guest symbolizes the bright future for China. 3. New-democratic China should be rebuilt both politically and economically. Mao brought out his argument in fifth and sixth part of the speec h, and demonstrated in the followingShow MoreRelatedCommunist Manifesto : Understanding Today s World1429 Words   |  6 PagesCommunist Manifesto in Understanding Today’s World Introduction What is Communism? How has Communism shaped the today’s world as it is? Is Communist Manifesto still applicable in the current world? Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels published the Communist Manifesto in 1848, and the manifesto had a great influence on the world history that the world would be a different place if the manifesto would not have been published. In this paper, I will summarize the arguments made in the manifesto to help theRead MorePropaganda Of Art Within The Ussr, Dprk, And The Prc1650 Words   |  7 Pages Some of the biggest users of propaganda were communist countries such as the USSR, China, North Korea. But first, I’d like to explain what communism is. What is Communism? Communism, according to the Oxford Dictionary, is defined as â€Å" A theory or system of social organization in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs.† However, in the book â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† by Karl Marx (1848), Marx describes communismRead MoreCold War Analysis1913 Words   |  8 PagesRussian interceptions in the 2016 president election. With Russian related news dominating the daily news cycle, the current political tension between U.S. and Russia is reflective of the Cold War sentiments a few decades ago. The Cold War was fundamentally a war between two ideologies: Democracy and Communism. The economic-political theory of Communism, or Marxism, proposed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† published in 1848. They introduced the history of all societies asRead MoreThe Fall Of The Berlin Wall1346 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Cold War, was a major turning point in the collapse of communism leading to the unification of East and West Germany and was influenced by political leaders from both the Soviet Union and the United States. The fall of the wall affected the Communist world and eventually led to the collapse of the Soviet Union allowing countries under their control to become independent and free. Sixteen years after the end of World War II, the countries that fought on the allies side began clinging to the leftRead MoreEssay on The Failure of Communism1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe failure of communism Communist had a long history during the 20th century, and communism was very influential. Almost all of Asia and East Europe became Communist. From the start of the theory then many civil wars in Russia affected the whole world. 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In America, the mere word might as well be banned from the dictionary. The only time it is used is when talking about new aggressive movements by totalitarian communist countries. American’s tolerance level for communism is zero to none. Is communism so horrific that the thought of some forms being successful is out of the question? In society today, capitalism is the leading economic system. When compared to other systems, fewRead MoreHistory Grade 10 Exam Review6476 Words   |  26 Pages(member of the legisative assembly of alberta): 1940- 1943 * Called Bible Bill ïÆ'   strong religious beliefs * Formed social credit party in western Canada * James Shaver Woodsworth (Winnipeg MP): 1921–1925, 1925- 1942 * Created CCF * Creation old age pension plans * Hitler * 1933 ïÆ'   Leader of fascist Nazi Party * Chancellor of Germany * Benito Mussolini * 1922 ïÆ'   took power in Italy * First fascist dictatorship in Europe * NevilleRead MoreHis171 Part 7, E3 Eznotes5586 Words   |  23 PagesChapter 27—The New Power Balance, 1850-1900 1. How was ocean shipping transformed by the mid-nineteenth century? a. There were more efficient, powerful engines. b. The average size of freighters increased from 200 to 7,500 tons. c. Steel hulls replaced wooden hulls. d. Propellers replaced paddle wheels. e. All of these* 2. The annihilation of time and space, extolled by the public and the press in the late nineteenth century, referred especially to a. the development of aircraft. b.Read MorePdf, Docx7181 Words   |  29 Pagesinfrequently held this type of public offering, Google’s auction was unprecedented in size.7 August 19, 2004, marked the initial public offering of GOOG on NASDAQ. In addition, the public-offering statement was â€Å"part financial document, part populist manifesto.†8 In April 2004, Brin and Page wrote a founders’ letter that was included in the documents for Google’s initial public stock offering. Brin and Page stated, â€Å"Don’t be evil. We believe strongly that in the long term, we will be better served—as shareholders

The Impact of Greek Mythology on Western Culture - 5592 Words

I. Background Information of Greek Mythology Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece. Modern scholars refer to, and study, the myths, in an attempt to throw light on the religious and political institutions of Ancient Greece, its civilization, and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself. And Greek mythology is embodied in a large collection of narratives, and implicitly in Greek representational arts, such as vase-paintings and votive gifts. Greek myth attempts to explain the origins of the†¦show more content†¦The heroes are like other human beings but have either done something which makes them excel over others or have a gift that others do not possess. On the other hand the mythological creatures are mainly like animals and monsters. Many have characteristics like an animal or a monster along with a few human features. Few of them possess supernatural powers too. In myths we come across many names of gods and goddesses and strange creatures. All of them have many stories related to them. Different gods represent different aspects of life and the Earth is under their control. Now I will illustrate some of the gods and creatures in Greek Mythology. Zeus, he was the king of the gods and the supreme ruler of people. He originally was a god of the sky. In time, the Greeks regarded him as the only god who concerned him-self with the whole universe. They also associated Zeus with justice and believed that he punished the wicked and rewarded the good. He belonged to the race of Titans, and was the son of Cronus and Rhea. After overthrowing Cronus, Zeus took his fathers place and ruled from Mount Olympus. He headed a family of twelve major gods, called the Olympians. Apollo, he was an important god in Greek and Roman mythology. In Greek myths he was the son of Zeus - the king of all gods. Apollo was the god of light, purity, and the sun. The Greeks andShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Ancient Greek Mythology on Modern Society Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Greek society fell over 2000 years ago but despite this, its mythology still continues to influence our western society. References to Greek mythology can be found all through time and in our western culture. The influence of Greek mythology can be found in our science, arts and literature and our language. When Ancient Greece fell to the Roman Empire, Rome adapted its mythologies which still influence us today as they have through history. That is not to say that Greek mythology wasn’t influencedRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney s The Lion King1055 Words   |  5 Pagesmodern era s most famous books and movies trace back to the Greek myths. Medicines are named after the character s of famous myths. Businesses choose the names of their companies and products from the ancient myths, lores, and various deities. Everyday phrases reference the centuries-old stories. Today, Greek mythology can be found in modern medicine, businesses, and language. Names of various Greek deities and other symbols from mythology have maneuvered their way into modern medicine. MorphineRead MoreGreek Mythology : The Origin Of The Stars And Sky1528 Words   |  7 PagesGreek mythology was very important in many cultures throughout the world and was utilized to clarify the earth and its circumstances in which mankind lived, the normal wonders they identified and how constellations explained the why the movement of the stars and sky were important in the lives of the Greeks. Greek mythology contained information about the livelihood of these gods and goddesses, humankind after death and simply how to live a joyous life. The geography of Greece also shaped Greek mythologyRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Ancient Greece1107 Words   |  5 Pagescity states. Mythology was very huge in Ancient Greece. There are so many different folktales and myths from Ancient Greece. Do you ever wonder if any of those ancient Myth’s were true? Ever believe that those myths still help shape society today? 1. Burrell, Roy. The Greeks. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. This book explains how the Minoans helped influence Ancient Greek mythology in many ways. Most people believe that the Ancient Greece used the Minoans and their culture to help shapeRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1693 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The ancient Greeks were a deeply religious people. They worshipped many gods whom they believed appeared in human form and yet were endowed with superhuman strength and ageless beauty. The Iliad and the Odyssey, our earliest surviving examples of Greek literature, record men s interactions with various gods and goddesses whose characters and appearances underwent little change in the centuries that followed. The Greeks attributed these epic narratives to Homer, a poet living at the end of the 8thRead MoreWhat Did the Greek and Roman Culture Leave for Europe889 Words   |  4 PagesWhat did the Greek and Roman culture leave for Europe The ancient Greek and Roman civilization is not only the cradle of Europe culture , but also the Western culture. The two major ancient civilization is the worlds two eternal monument of cultural history, is the golden age of the West with great relish. Hard-working people of ancient Greece and Rome created countless masterpieces with their wisdom. Ancient Greek culture is the source of Roman culture, Roman culture developed constantlyRead MoreWhat Did the Greek and Roman Culture Leave for Europe883 Words   |  4 PagesWhat did the Greek and Roman culture leave for Europe The ancient Greek and Roman civilization is not only the cradle of Europe culture , but also the Western culture. The two major ancient civilization is the worlds two eternal monument of cultural history, is the golden age of the West with great relish. Hard-working people of ancient Greece and Rome created countless masterpieces with their wisdom. Ancient Greek culture is the source of Roman culture, Roman culture developed constantly onRead MoreCultural Context Of The Temple Of Athena1745 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the influence of culture to a classic building Liujingya 2016-4-21 6714415 â€Æ' Contents ï  ¬ Introduction ï  ¬ Main body 1. Establishment of the temple 2. Related politics and art 3. Culture development ï  ¬ Conclusion Cultural influence of the temple of Hera It is very clear that ancient buildings can be a part of the evidence to show what happed in the history. As a part of ancient culture, architectural languages have the significant vale in both culture and construction. The templeRead MoreOrder From Chaos : Analyzing And Evaluating The Hellenic Creation Myth Through The Lens Of Biblical Tradition1384 Words   |  6 PagesBiblical Tradition Greek mythology is often understood through the lens of analyzing a dead religion; it is assumed that the influence of such myths is passive and fixed, only effecting the lives of those already long gone, whereas the very nature of such myths is to be active, dynamic, and illuminative. I, like many others with Greek heritage, rarely engage actively with the ancient Hellenic myths. Despite this, it is valuable to understand their place in the broader western culture as a counterpointRead More Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pageshas ever seen. They came from nothing to something awesome. It started of as a city and ended up being one of the greatest empire of all. This essay is going to focus on the Roman Empire from the rise to the fall and the government, architecture, mythology, Family Structure, and Food of the Romans. As the story goes, Rome was founding in 753 B.C. by two brothers Remus and Romulus who were raised by wolves. The two brothers started fighting over the leadership of the land. Eventually Romulus killed

Asda Marketing Plan Free Essays

string(82) " on this business model, a focus on low-cost, which in turn could impede quality\." Abstract The following report considers the ethical position of ASDA, noting the external environment in which it operates and its marketing plan.The report finds that ASDA’s focus on low prices has somewhat disengaged it with ethics, with the business more focused on selling volume, as opposed to selling sustainable products. However, given changes in the external environment, and the rise in the discount retailers, ASDA has now been faced with higher competition. We will write a custom essay sample on Asda Marketing Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now To combat this, the report suggests that ASDA looks to change its strategy to focus more on a sustainable supply-chain, potentially one which is focused on UK food and products. While this may lead to higher prices from the retailer, it could improve its image when it comes to sustainable food retailing, and so warrant higher prices to consumers, especially if the introduction of local products develops an emotional attachment for customers. Introduction The following assignment will consider ASDA, considering the external environment in which the business operates as well as its ethical consideration, determining whether the current strategy should be maintained or whether a change is needed, with the assignment then making recommendations. Company Overview ASDA is a UK-based grocery retailers owned by U.S. listed Wal-Mart Stores Inc. ASDA has been part of the UK’s ‘Big 4’ retailers in the UK grocery sector, also compromising of Tesco, Morrison’s and Sainsbury’s, however it recently moved from 3rd from 2nd place on the list, being overtaken by Sainsbury’s after disappointing sales. The latest report from Kantar Worldpanel (2016) put’s ASDA’s market share at 15.3%, behind that of Sainsbury’s after suffering a 4.7% fall in sales, compared with a 0.7% fall in Sainsbury’s, and a 1.6% rise in sales at Tesco. To many UK consumers, ASDA has developed on the back of price competition, with the retailer being heavily focused on being the UK’s best value supermarket. Due of its focus on price, ASDA in the past could have been seen to ignore ethical consideration, with some of the top places seen with premium retailers such as Marks Spencer, who use their premium pricing to better consider the quality/ ethics behind their supply chain. Market Environment However, it is this strategy which has been a downfall for the retailer, especially when put against competition from the expanding ‘discounter’s’, namely Lidl and Aldi (Ruddick, 2014). These retailers have aggressively expanded into the UK market on the back of offering low prices to consumers, with their focus on ‘prime-match’, similar of marketing conducted by ASDA against the other ‘Big 4’[1]. Given this, Aldi managed to record sales growth of 10% over the same period, beating all competition and increasing its market share to 6.2%. At the same time, Aldi also announced that it looks to take its store tally from 450 to 1,000 by 2022; Lidl also announced plans to open 40-50 new stores in the UK each year, noted by Gale (2016). This move in the market has been supported from a new business model and changing consumer habits. Discounters have benefitted from economies of scale, reducing the scale of choice to offer just one option; in tu rn allowing them to increase sales of that product and reduce the production costs. At the same time, these discounters have also expanded on a no-frills approach to stores, moving away from the ‘Superstore’ concept which became popular with Tesco and ASDA. This comes at a time when consumers have also looked to move away from superstores, preferring little-and-often shops to better budget. There also seems to a reduction in customer loyalty as consumers look for the best value. Marketing Situational Analysis Building on the above, a SWOT analysis is shown below; Strengths  ·UK wide presence with 525 stores.  ·Still the UK’s 3rd largest grocery retailer – potential to increase share.Weaknesses  ·Recent marketing seems to have placed it in the ‘discount’ category when it comes to grocery stores – potentially restricting sales of some of its higher-value items. Opportunities  ·Recent improvement in UK economic fundamentals – coupled with rising wages may increase consumer disposable income.  ·Fall in ?GBP has put some spotlight on UK food/ products to escape price rises.Threats  ·Competition remains the biggest threat to ASDA, especially with discounters such as Lidl/ Aldi quickly expanding their store network, as well as expanding their marketing activities, with a focus on value. Ultimately, the analysis is suggesting that the main weakness in marketing lies within this continued focus solely on the price. This has come under pressure given new entrants into the market, with the discounters of Lidl/ Aldi coming into the market with business models which mean they can potentially undercut ASDA on prices. This is the main threat to the business, with ASDA still seeing a fall in sales, even with the recent buoyancy in UK retail sales. However, there are potential opportunities for ASDA to diversify, expanding its marketing to cover issues within sustainability and UK produce; improving the ethics when it comes to food sourcing, and issues such as food security and locality[2]. Objectives In the past, ASDA’S objectives have been focused on customer value, however given an expanding ‘discount’ sector, the retailer is now under more pricing pressure to maintain customers. With this, there is the expectation that the retailer may need to diversify, essentially look to attract more customers back to its stores. The objective for ASDA is to tempt customer’s back into its store; or tempt new customers back. Given continued expansion of Lidl/ Aldi, it could be expected that the new strategy will need to focus more on attracting new customers, be it from retailers such as Sainsbury’s. Strategy Segmentation To support its strategy, ASDA will look to segment the market into different consumers, based on demographics, location, income etc. Given marketing campaigns undertaken by the business, it would appear that ASDA has segmented the market; looking to appeal to those families of lower incomes. Its focus on being the cheapest is indicative of its primary target market. Because of this, the business has become somewhat specialised on this business model, a focus on low-cost, which in turn could impede quality. You read "Asda Marketing Plan" in category "Essay examples" It has positioned itself in the low-cost end of the market, however given new entrants and intensified competition, is now finding it hard to compete and develop with new competition (Peter, 2011)[3]. The business model helped ASDA over the years of recession given constrained consumer income, however as economic conditions have improved, consumers have essentially traded-up. This has provided support to other retailers su ch as Sainsbury’s, and Waitrose which position themselves at the higher end of the market. With this, ASDA may feel that its business is currently positioned to narrow, targeting a consumer base which is shrinking which competition is increasing. There are two ways in which the retailer can broaden its consumer base, either through changes to marketing which will target a new market, or by differentiating the product to appeal to a broader base of consumers, noted in Armstrong et al (2012)[4]. Tactics Action Given the above, the main tactic for ASDA s to re-position itself in the market, remove this constant focus on price and look to focus more on ethical issues such as sustainability, which in turn may suggest quality. To do this, the retailer has a number of actions: ASDA will move to focus on local; putting its focus on supplying more UK produce in-stores, having dedicated aisles in superstores to local producers. The benefit here will not only be from higher sales of these goods, put also of the positive PR which could arise through supporting local farmers, and local communities. This is essentially classed as differentiation; the retailer will be introducing new products to do so. ASDA will also look to introduce convenience aisles into superstores. This will be seen as segmentation,[5] looking to attract a new set of customers to its stores who may have previously left as they prefer to do ‘little-and-often’ shops. This can be marketed by ASDA to target these specific customers. Budget This section will now discuss the budget for such a change in strategy. The main costs to the business will be seen as the marketing. For instance, when it comes to the ‘convenience aisle’, it could be noted that the infrastructure is already there; the stores will simply have to shuffle around stock to create the new aisle. When it comes to introducing the new products, the costs may be more down to developing the local links, with the suppliers themselves bearing the costs associated with producing the goods. Rather than a major financial cost, the introduction of more local products may be more time consuming for ASDA, given that they will need to ensure that the new products are in-keeping with the goals of the business, both in terms of pricing and quality (Ferrell, 2012)[6]. Marketing will be done through all ’traditional’ channels given the mass-market appeal of ASDA and the fierce competition within the UK grocery sector. While this would involve a higher cost than say digital marketing opportunities, it would be hoped that print advertisements and TV commercial will draw more attention, and so inform more customers. However, digital marketing could also be used, especially when it comes to advertisements through social media, and targeted banner ads which can be used online. Control Control remains an important consideration, both in terms of ensuring a level of consistency in the marketing message as well as also monitoring the return on investment (hereafter ROI). When it comes to consistency, while marketing could change to reflect changes in the marketplace, the business must look to maintain its ‘core’ message. For instance, while the focus on new marketing campaigns may be on local produce, the core message remains with the slogan ‘Save Money, Live Better’. Too much of change may lead to current customers becoming detached with the business and its values. Control will also come with ROI. Essentially, all businesses need to ensure that their marketing spend is generating business. New, digital marketing allows businesses to track this, with businesses able to use tools such as Google Analytics to view web traffic etc. (Chaffey, 2012)[7]. Traditional marketing may be harder to manage in terms of ROI, given that it is harder to distinguish how a certain poster/ TV commercial may have driven demand. However, if ASDA move forward with a unified campaign, so changing all marketing to reflect a single message, then the business can understand the potential ROI of the campaign. Recommendation/ Conclusion To conclude, ASDA has in the past focused its marketing plan on price, looking to drive consumption through low prices. This is itself would not be considered ‘ethical consumerism’, given that some of the lower prices products could be viewed as a damage to the environment. However, this strategy has now placed ASDA into a market segment which is seeing more competition, at a time when the size of the market may be slowing, given improving economics in the UK[8]. To combat this, ASDA has an opportunity to diversify its product range into a more ‘premium’ space; be it the expansion of their ‘Extra Special’ range, or through the introduction of more local products and brands (Perreault, 2010)[9]. The focus on UK produce could provide ASDA with a ‘Unique Selling Point’; which could allow the business to justify higher pricing, noted in Fifield (2012)[10]. This may also improve the organisations ethical position as it suggests that ASDA is considering sustainability in its wider supply-chain; given that more food is local, opposed to international, reducing the ‘distance’ of the supply chain, potentially being seen as more environmentally friendly. However, at the same time, the retailer must be wary that any change to its pricing may impact on its core customers. In the end, this may further impact on market share, however this is seen as a potential risk of an opportunity. The recommendation for ASDA is that is moves forward with a change in marketing, highlighting developments in both local sourcing as well as convenience. However, ASDA must look to control this movement, and potentially monitor the opportunity. This could be done through monitoring sales of, as well as monitoring footfall into stores. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2012). Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, London. Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2012). Digital marketing, London, Pearson Higher Ed. Ferrell, O. C., Hartline, M. (2012). Marketing strategy, text and cases, London, Nelson Education. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015). Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases, London, Nelson Education. Fifield, P. (2012). Marketing strategy, London, Routledge. Gale. (2016) [Online]. How long will Aldi and Lidl’s onslaught last?, Available at http://www.managementtoday.co.uk/long-will-aldi-lidls-onslaught-last/future-business/article/1386497, Accessed 17.12.2016. Kantar Worldpanel. (2016) [Online]. UK Grocery Market Share, Available at http://www.kantarworldpanel.com/global/grocery-market-share/great-britain, Accessed 17.12.2016. Perreault, W. D. (2010). Essentials of marketing: A marketing strategy planning approach, London, Pearson. Perreault Jr, W., Cannon, J., McCarthy, E. J. (2013). Basic marketing, London, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Peter, J. P., Donnelly, J. H. (2011). Marketing management: knowledge and skills: text, analysis, cases, plans, London, Pearson. Ruddick, G. (2014) [Online]. It may already be too late for Tesco and Sainsbury’s, the rise of Aldi and Lidl looks unstoppable, Available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/10974773/It-may-already-be-too-late-for-Tesco-and-Sainsburys-the-rise-of-Aldi-and-Lidl-looks-unstoppable.html, Accessed 19.12.2016. Wood, S., McCarthy, D. (2014). The UK food retail ‘race for space’and market saturation: A contemporary review. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 24(2), 121-144. How to cite Asda Marketing Plan, Essay examples

Psychology and Biology of Emotion

Question: Discuss about the Psychology and Biology of Emotion. Answer: Introduction: Human beings are unique and different from other animals because they are blessed with three natural gifts. They are speech, brain and mind. Human mind has always remained an interesting area of behavioral science from research perspective. This is because it is the source of emotions. Emotions monitor and control the behavior of an individual. Finally group behavior defines organizational behavior. Hence, dealing with emotions has a great deal of contribution as they affect on the performance directly or indirectly. Various renowned psychologists have contributed and introduced theories, models and framework in understanding the significance of emotions both in personal and professional life as well. One of them is Affective Events Theory (AET). The model of affective events theory emphasizes on linking emotions and the level of job satisfaction, dealing with employee behavior at workplace. It is interesting to study the correlation between the world of emotions and the work. Discussion: Affective Events Theory throws light on job satisfaction. First of all, it is essential to define job satisfaction in simple words. Three different approaches provide in-depth insight on job satisfaction. They are Cognitive Judgment Approach, the Social Influence Approach and Dispositional Approach (Weiss Cropanzano, 1996). Belief system coined with affective experiences can be called as job satisfaction. In this context, the formation of an attitude plays vital role leading to perception. There exists the relationship between productivity and emotions (Hersey, 1932). It should be noted that there is significant difference between emotions and moods. Emotions are the mental states which direct an object whereas moods lack an object (Frijda, 1993 Morris, 1989).A model of affective events theory is based on several variables. The below diagram will help to understand the correlation with each other. Another notable observation is emotions gives birth to various events. Here, an event is nothing but a process of happening something and which affects positively or negatively. It is noteworthy to correlate this concept with Cause and Effect theory. It asserts that when there is a smoke, then there is a fire. There cannot be fire with smoke. Here, smoke is the source of fire. The event of fire generates various emotions in the mind. The symptoms of any behavior take birth in the mind through emotions and then they are reflected actually in the form of behavior. Nowadays, many corporate firms have emotional literacy as an agenda for their employees. This is because a person working with assertiveness can create healthy competition and build good rapport with the team. It also enables him / her to strengthen the relationship on long-term basis beyond official boundaries. Work-life balance is feasible for such individuals. It gives great job satisfaction and motivates for other too. Internal and external conflicts can be resolved with mutual understanding and respect for each others. Here, a leader is in the position of CONMAN i.e. Conflict Manager. Effective Events Theory is highly effective to handle the customer complaints. It appeals the staff members to put themselves in customers shoes. As a result, they can understand the real pains of customers by and large and provide end-to-end solutions. It is quite essential to create loyal customers in the long-term and manage the company brand too. It proves to be a healing exercise both for the customers and employees as well. Therefore, it creates win-win situation for all stakeholders including employers. Motivational factor is involved in mouth-publicity in spite of advertisement and marketing strategies. Your behavior with the customer will define positive or negative mouth publicity of your product / service and company. It is required to train the employees on How To Respond? rather than How To React? It will certainly minimize the customer complaints to the great extent. Emotions coined with moods work effectively to foster the culture of creativity and innovation at workplace. Many times, it is essential to involve people in the decision-making process as to ensure their acceptance. Your strong relations with the team will help to solve complex and critical problems with practical, working solutions from a third-person point of view. People with fire in the belly can do wonders when they are united and inspired to achieve common goals. Strongest emotions are sensitized and arrest our mind quickly (Marsella Gratch, 2002). Certainly, a leader has to work on identifying such emotions which trigger the behavior. He / she should build trust, empower them accordingly. Only then, the employees will feel (not think) that office is a second home for them. An application of affective events theory is possible in the context of managerial effectiveness. It enable to inculcate the core values of organization like integrity, accountability etc. Ambiguous tasks are replaced by well-defined job roles and responsibilities. A leader can set clear expectations to ensure transparent communication leading to achieve the targets. Lateral thinking, analytical mindset is developed. Fair and equal treatment will raise the morale of the employees. Decisions will be taken without any prejudices and premature evaluation. Problems are considered as hidden opportunities rather than obstacles or challenges. Business firms have to opt for consistent improvement in terms of quality standards, product or process developments etc. This is because they want to be competitive always in the market. Hence, changes take place at workplace on regular basis. For example, a mobile company like Samsung appeals the potential customer through tagline What is Next? Here, change is nothing but an event. Effective Events Theory can prove as a fruitful exercise in change management. When change is introduced, people generally resist for a change. It is natural as they are not mentally ready to come out of their comfort zone. Hence, a leader has to initiate and convince the benefits of new changes for them and to the organization as well. It will answer the question What is in it for me? Only then, the team will start to respond rather than to react. The workplace would be a place for ease of doing businesses. It is equally important to learn managing self and others too. First of all, an individual needs to be aware about him / her. It is a must to work on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats too. For example, career development plan can be designed based on SWOT analysis. It is nothing but self-awareness. Secondly, self-management gives your greater inner satisfaction. It can reflect through your behavior at workplace while interacting with your team, seniors. You start giving and taking respect. As a result, youre approachable to others. People value your opinion without hesitation building trustworthiness. The next stage is social awareness. It enables everybody to get an idea as to how to behave in public life with others without hurting anybody. It keeps us away from ego, prejudice and premature evaluation etc. Such behavior is liked by all. No wonder, you could be an apple in the eyes of others at workplace. It is very much essential for any leadership position. If you a re good at aforementioned three stages, relationship management would not be a difficult job for you. In short, a combo package of self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management will make an individual as a proactive team member (Goleman, 2006). Conclusion: All the above discussion shows that human mind is agile. Balanced mindset charged with positivity can lead to better performance at workplace. It is essential to manage the stress and make office as a home away from home. If team is working like a family, synergy takes place and can maximize the potential to the great extend. Effective Events Theory is very much effective in problem-solving, disaster management, rewards and recognition system. No wonder, one can identify its scope in customer satisfaction and employee retention strategy as well. Hence, emotional intelligence coined with managerial effectiveness will make the workplace as a centre of business excellence. References Arvey, R.D., McCall, B.P, Bouchard, T.J., Taubman, P. (1994). Genetic influences on job satisfaction and work values. Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 21-32. Ashkanasy, N. M., Zerbe, W. J., Ha rtel, C. E. J. (Eds.). (2002). Managing emotions in the work place. New York: M.E. Sharpe. Bar-On, R., Parker, J. D. A. (Eds.). (2000). The handbook of emotional intelligence: Theory, development, assessment, and application at home, school, and in the workplace. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer. Bolger, N. (1990). Coping as personality process. The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 525-537. Brief, A.P., Butcher, A.B., Roberson, L. (1995). Cookies, disposition and job attitudes: The effects of positive mood inducing events and negative affectivity on job satisfaction in a field experiment. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 62, 55-62. Cranny, C.J., Smith, P.C., Stone, E.F. (1992). Job satisfaction: How people feel about their jobs and how it affects their performance. New York: Lexington Press. Cranny, C.J., Smith, P.C., Stone, E.F. (1992). Job satisfaction: How people feel about their jobs and how it affects their performance. New York: Lexington Press. Davidow, M. (2003). Organizational responses to customer complaints: What works and what doesnt. Journal of Service Research, 5(3), 225250. Eagly, A. H., Chaiken, S. (1993). The Psychology of Attitudes. Ft. Worth , TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers. Edwards, K. (1990). The interplay of affect and cognition in attitude formation and change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 202-216. George, J.M. (1992). The role of personality in organizational life: Issues and evidence. Journal of Management, 18, 185-205 George, J.M. Brief, A.P. (1992). Feeling good doing good : A conceptual analysis of the mood at work organizational spontaneity relationship. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 310-327. Green, D. P., Goldman, S.L., Salovey, P. (1993). Measurement error masks bipolarity in affect ratings. The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,64, 1029-1040. Izard, C.E. (1992). Basic emotions, relations among emotions, and emotion-cognition relations. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 561-565. Larsen, R. J., Diener, E. (1992). Promises and problems with the circumplex model of emotions. Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, 25-29. Owens, D. L., Hausknecht, D. R. (1999). The effect of simplifying the complaint process: A field experiment with the better business bureau. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 12, 3543. Plomin, R. (1990). The role of inheritance in behavior. Science, 248, 183-188. Plutchik, R. (1994). The psychology and biology of emotion. New York: Harper Collins College Publishers. Simon, R. W., Nath, L. E. (2004). Gender and emotion in the United States: Do men and women differ in self-reports of feelings and expressive behavior? American Journal of Sociology, 109(5), 11371176. Stein, N.L., Trabasso, T., Liwag, M. (1993). The representation of organization of emotional experience : Unfolding the emotion episode. In M. Lewis and J. M. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (Vol. 13, pp. 279-299). New York :Guildford Press. Staw, B.M. Barsade S.G. (1993). Affect and Managerial Performance: A Test of the sadder-but-wiser vs. happier-but-smarter hypothesis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 304-330. Taylor, S.E. (1991). The asymmetrical impact of positive and negative events: The mobilization-minimization hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 67-83. Watson, D., Slack, A.K. (1993). General factors of affective temperament and their relation to job satisfaction over time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54,181-200.

Architect essays

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The Sugar Industry of India

The Sugar Industry of India INTRODUCTION Sugar industry is one of the most important agro-based industries in India and is highly responsible for creating significant impact on rural economy in particular and countrys economy in general. Sugar industry ranks second amongst major agro-based industries in India. As per the Government of Indias recent liberalised policy announced on 12th December, 1986 for licensing of additional capacity for sugar industries during 7th five-year plan, there will be only one sugar mill in a circular area of 40 sq km. Also the new sugar mill is allowed with an installation capacity of 2500 TCD (Tonne Sugar Cane crushed per day) as against the earlier capacity norms of 1250 TCD. Similarly, the existing sugar mills with sugar cane capacity of about 3500 TCD can crush sugar cane tothe tune of 5000 TCD with a condition imposed that additional requirement of sugar cane be acquired through increased productivity and not by expansion of area for growing sugar cane. Cane sugar is the name given to sucr ose, a disaccharide produced from thesugarcane plant and from the sugar beet.   The refined sugars from the two sources are practically indistinguishable and command the same price in competitive markets. However, since they come from different plants, the trace constituents are different andcan be used to distinguish the two sugars. One effect of the difference is the odor in thepackage head space, from which experienced sugar workers can identify the source. In the production scheme for cane sugar, the cane cannot be stored for more thana few hours after it is cut because microbiological action immediately begins to degrade the sucrose. This means that the sugar mills must be located in the cane fields. The raw sugar produced in the mills is item of international commerce. Able to be stored for years, it is handled as raw material shipped at the lowest rates directly in the holds ofships or in dump trucks or railroad cars and pushed around by bulldozers. Because it is not intended to be eaten directly, it is not handled as food. The raw sugar is shipped to th e sugar refineries, which are located in population centers. There it is refined to a food product, packaged, and shipped a short distance to the market. In a few places, there is arefinery near or even within a raw-sugar mill. However, the sugar still goes through rawstage. The principle by-product of cane sugar production is molasses. About 10 15% of the sugar in the cane ends up in molasses. Molasses is produced both in the raw-sugarmanufacture and also in refining. The blackstrap or final molasses is about 35 40% sucrose and slightly more than 50% total sugars. In the United States, blackstrap is used almost entirely for cattle feed.   In some areas, it is fermented and distilled to rum or industrial alcohol. The molasses used for human consumption is of a much higher grade, and contains much more sucrose. Sugarcane characteristics: Sugarcane contains not only sucrose but also numerous other dissolved substances, as well as cellulose or woody fibre. The percentage of sugar in the canevaries from 8 to 16% and depends to a great extent on the variety of the cane, its maturity, condition of the soil, climate and agricultural practices followed. The constituents of ripe cane vary widely in different countries and regions but fall generally within the following limits: Constituent Percentage range Water 69.0 75.0Sucrose 8.0 16.0 Reducing sugars 0.5 2.0 Organic matter other than sugar 0.5 1.0 Inorganic compounds 0.2 0.6 Nitrogenous bodies 0.5 1.0 Ash 0.3 0.8 Fibre 10.0 16.0 Organic matters other than sugar include proteins, organic acids, pentosan,  colouring matter and wax. Organic acids present in cane are glycolic acid, malic acid,  succinic acid and small quantity of tannic acid, butyric acid and aconitic acid. SUGAR INDUSTRY OF INDIA Introduction Sugar is extracted from two raw materials beet root and sugarcane, both produce identical refined sugar. Sugar cane accounts for two-third of the raw material used for sugar production in the world and beet root one third balance of the world production. India is the second largest producer of sugar in the world with 10 to 12% production of the world.( Brazil is the first) In India sugarcane accounts for the key raw material for production of sugar. Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh account for majority of produce of sugar in India. Sugar industry is the 2nd largest agro-processing industry in India accounting for 1 % of India s GDP for fy2005. Indias cultivation area of 4-4.5 million hectare accounts for Indias 2.7% cropped area. The production of sugar has always been in deficit over the demand with production of only 17.5 million tonne over the 19 million tonne consumption for the year 2005-06 a factor leading to industry attractiveness. Key Characteristics of Sugar industry: Capital intensive Government regulated Seasonal fluctuation in the industry(demand increases during festive season) Raw materials constitute major cost No proper substitutes Key success factors (key performance indicators) Capital utilization Optimum utilization of by-products for additional revenue Captive power generation Sugar is one of the oldest commodities in the world and traces its origin in 4th century AD in India and China. In those days sugar was manufactured only from sugarcane. But both countries lost their initiatives to the European, American and Oceanic countries, as the eighteenth century witnessed the development of new technology to manufacture sugar from sugar beet. However, India is presently a dominant player in the global sugar industry along with Brazil in terms of production. Given the growing sugar production and the structural changes witnessed in Indian sugar industry, India is all set continue its domination at the global level. The report provides a comprehensive picture of the Indian sugar market. The status of Indian sugar industry has been compared with the rest of the world in terms of raw material availability, crushing period, size of the sugar mill, production cost and prices in the report. The advantages that Indian sugar mills have over others in cost terms have been emphasized too. Indian sugar industry is highly fragmented with organized and unorganized players. The unorganized players mainly produce Gur and Khandari, the less refined forms of sugar. The government had a controlling grip over the industry, which has slowly yet steadily given way to liberalization. The report provides comprehensive analysis about the structure of Indian sugar industry by explaining the above facets. Besides the classification of sugar products and by- products like molasses, their uses too have been extensively covered. The production sugarcane is cyclical in nature. Hence the sugar production is also cyclical as it depends on the sugarcane production in the country. The report provides extensive information on the production of sugarcane, sugar and other sweeteners in the country in the recent years along with trends and analysis. This also includes a discussion about existing capacities in the country, trends in capacity additions, imports and production of by-products of sugar (molasses and cogeneration of power). The report features a detailed demand analysis discussing the actual demand for sugar and other sweeteners, gur and khandari and their per capita consumption in India. This includes a trend analysis in demand in various regions of the country. The role of exports in the sugar industry has also been discussed. The report gives an exhaustive cost analysis along with the pricing practices. Dual Pricing System is adopted in the Indian sugar industry, which includes sugar price in Public distribution system and the free sale sugar price. An analysis has been provided on the relationship between Indian and international sugar prices. As the industry is a fragmented one, even leading players do not control more than 4 percent market in India. However, the situation is changing and players offlate are striving to increase their market share either by acquiring smaller mills or by going for green field capacity additions. Another notable trend is the shift from Gur and Khandsari to sugar in the rural areas. This should further increase the per capita consumption of sugar in India (currently around 15.6 kg). Besides the Indian urban market is slowly moving towards branded sugar. The potential in this segment seems to be very high. These trends along with the other trends like increase in the production of by-products have been captured in detail. The market shares of the leading players and financials of following players are given in the report. Balrampur chini mills ltd, Bajaj Hindustan Ltd, Andhra sugars ltd, Thiru Arooran Sugars Ltd and Dhampur sugar ltd The major revenue drivers like change in the governments policies and increasing per capita consumption have been comprehensively pictured in the report. The reports ends with outlook for the sugar industry both at the Indian and POLITICAL IMPACT ON SUGAR INDUSTRY Sugar row accentuates Indias political fragility Sugar mills in Uttar Pradesh are yet to begin crushing for this season, which typically begins in November, due to non-availability of raw materials. Reports suggest that sugar mill owners have agreed to pay Rs 180 per quintal for sugarcane, which is Rs 50 higher than the fair and renumerative price fixed at Rs 129.84 per quintal. Farmers are demanding Rs 280 per quintal and have stopped supplies in anticipation of a higher price. Meanwhile, Parliament was adjourned on the first day of its winter session due to protests by opposition parties against the Centres sugarcane price move that discourages states from fixing higher prices. Thousands of farmers protested inDelhiagainst the low, state-controlled sugarcane price. The protests highlights the rural discontent over the governments sugar ordinance. Raw-sugar prices have almost doubled this year, with future contracts recording a 28-year high in September. Sugar stocks tumbled on news of a delay in the crushing season and protest by farmers outside Parliament. Bajaj Hindusthan, Balrampur Chini, Dhampur Sugar, Dharani Sugars, Dwarikesh Sugar, Shree Renuka, and Triveni Engineering fell 5-8%. Andhra Sugar, EID Parry, KCP Sugar, Oudh Sugar Mill, Ponni Sugars (E), Simbhaoli Sugar, Upper Ganges Sugar, and Uttam Sugar were down 2-4%. Ambareesh Baliga  of Karvy Stock Broking says the risk-reward ratio is not in favour of sugar stocks. If you assume that the sugar prices will move up 10-15% from here, Balrampur Chini or Bajaj Hindusthan could possibly move another 10-15% more from here. But if you see the sugar prices coming down 20% over the next 4-5 months, these stocks will crash by more than 30-40% because the good news is already there in stock prices. Sugar prices move in cycles and this is clearly a cyclical industry. We have seen a good part of that over the last 6-8 months. Going ahead, whatever adverse news comes, it will actually batter these stocks. The routine reopening of the parliament has suddenly emerged as an awkward test for the Congress-led governments ability to push reforms such as price deregulation in the face of opposition from its rural base. Tens of thousands of farmers from Uttar Pradesh protesting against low state sugarcane prices forced the postponement of the winter session of parliament on Thursday in a major political headache for the government, re-elected in May. Now, a once-divided opposition seemingly unable to recover from election loss have vowed to disrupt parliament until the government reverses a policy aimed at bringing in more market forces to the sugar industry, one of Indias biggest cash crops. On Friday, the opposition forced an adjournment for a second day, with lawmakers running into the house shouting slogans. The massive street protest that brought much of central Delhi to a standstill also reflected the fragility of political stability in India, with its myriad caste, class and ethnic issues always simmering among its 1.2 billion people. Such a display of opposition unity, has rarely been seen outside parliament, The Economic Times commented on Friday. The UPA government has only itself to blame for giving an issue to the opposition on a platter. The ruling  United Progressive Alliance  coalition has given states greater autonomy in fixing sugarcane prices to help lift restrictions on the heavily regulated sugar sector and stop sugar mills bearing the fiscal brunt of subsidised prices. But a backlash has played into hands of the opposition, including the Hindu nationalist  Bharatiya Janata Party. Bye-bye global politics Only a week ago, domestic politics appeared to be playing second fiddle to international issues, such as global climate change negotiations and Prime Minister Manmohans Singhs visit to Washington D.C. next week. That mood has changed. Buoyant from the closure, protesters say the ball is now in the governments court. The government may hold an all-party meeting on Monday over the issue. We have now adopted the policy of wait and watch for next two to three days, Anil Singh, national secretary of the National Alliance of Farmers Associations. The response to Thursdays rally was satisfying. Now the government has come to its knees. It signals the reform in India will not be plain sailing, despite a large majority for the Congress-led coalition. Singh has promised economic reforms such as the deregulation of state-run sectors, introducing more foreign investment into areas like insurance, and boosting spending on infrastructure to allow India to compete with the likes of China. But some reforms face endangering the Congress partys pro-poor inclusive growth manifesto and dashing hopes of a major revival in Uttar Pradesh, where Gandhi scion  Rahul Gandhi  has reached out to the poor in high-profile campaigns. Any reforms face the stark fact that two-thirds of Indias population lives in villages. One reform, bringing in foreign investment in retail, has already floundered because of opposition in rural areas. Indeed, Gandhi was reported to have phoned Singh over worries that the sugarcane issue could derail Congress inroads into Indias most populous and politically important state. The protest does not mean all of the Congress partys reforms will be in trouble. It still has a clear majority in parliament. For example, most analysts expect the government to raise limits of foreign investment in the insurance sector, a policy aimed at allowing Indias near 40 percent savings rate to be recycled into investment and sustain higher growth rates. Disinvestment, etc, will go on, even though there will be protests as usual, political analyst Amulya Ganguli said. The opposition is delighted to have got an issue. In the evening, the Prime Minister finally gave into political pressure saying that he would amend the sugarcane pricing ordinance in farmer interest. In a latest development it has been learnt that both the houses of the Parliament have againbeen adjourned on sugarcane price issue. Is it the death of FRP or is it just a temporary stalling? How will sugar companies do with or without FRP next year? While Narendra Murukumbi Managing Director at  Shree Renuka Sugars  hails the FRP concept, Investment Advisor  SP Tulsian  considers it to be an ill-conceived move and says that the farmers should be happy with Rs 210 per quintal. However, Murukumbi says, â€Å"We are currently paying Rs 230 per quintal in Karnataka.† Cane prices need to be resolved bilaterally—two-third share to farmers would be fair, he adds. Sugar deficit is a global phenomenon.â€Å"Last year there was a deficit of about nine million tonne. However, this years deficit is probably five-six million tonne and prices have reacted accordingly,† says Kingsman Sas Managing Director Jonathan Kingsman. Though the situation is expected to remain tight, there is a possibility that we move to a surplus from a deficit in 2010-11, according to Kingsman. He expects prices to be maintained in the next few months. On the global footing, Kingsman says the industry knows it has to work together. So in most countries like Thailand and Brazil, there is now a revenue sharing system in place, where in roughly about two-thirds of the revenue go to the cane growth and about one-third to the millers. †That has taken a lot of the politics and a lot of the conflict out of the situation.† Sugar stocks were seeing huge selling pressure on news of sugar companies yet to begin crushing for the season. There were reports that sugar mill owners have agreed to pay Rs 180 per quintal for sugarcane. The farmers were demanding Rs 200 plus for the same. The crushing could not start as farmers have stopped supplies in anticipation of higher price. Bajaj Hindusthan,  Balrampur Chini,  Dhampur Sugar,Dharani Sugars,Dwarikesh Sugar,  Shree Renuka  and  Triveni Engg  fell 5-8%. Andhra Sugar, EID Parry, KCP Sugar, Oudh Sugar Mill, Ponni Sugars (E), Simbhaoli Sugar, Upper Ganges Sugar and Uttam Sugar were down 2-4% Q: What should one expect from our neck of the woods? A: On day one and probably through first few days this entire battle of sugarcane prices will dominate the Parliaments Winter Session. Sugarcane farmers have picketed the Parliament and the entire opposition  Mulayam Singh Yadav  to  Ajit Singh  to Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP)is also united on this one issue. I think this will be a precursor to wider debate that is likely to take place on Parliament on rising prices per se. However, this opposition unity, which is critical, is unlikely to hold because of the Pension Bill. The one economic legislation that, perhaps, could be at least debated in this session of the parliament, at least the government says it is determined to put it before parliament is the Pension Bill. So when that bill comes across will this unity within the Parliament stay, particularly, in the Rajya Sabha led by the Left and prevent legislation from going through? That is the space we will have to see, but at the moment, it seems that rising prices will create some element of opposition unity in the first few days of Parliament. Q: Was it a surprise that insurance did not make it this time or was is expected that it wouldnt get taken up for discussion in the Winter Session? A: What is happening is that the government is going step by step.  Pranab Mukherjees strategy is to try and get legislation through in an incremental manner. The fact is that the Insurance Bill is still before a Standing Committee and there is still discussion going on. So rather than bring it in the Winter Session, when it seems unlikely that it will go through, it will probably come up in the next sessionthe budget sessionin February. However, it seems at the moment that governments focus as far as economic legislation is primarily on the Pension Bill, can it get that bill through? I think that will be a test of the governments attempt to build some kind of consensus on critical economic reforms. Q: There has been a fairly clearly laid out divestment policy as we step into the Winter Session, might that come up for discussion or is that a done deal and the government will go about its business? A:  Pranab Mukherjees strategy is to do this by stealth, which means you dont necessarily have to bring any legislation when it concerns disinvestment before Parliament. There could be a debate on it; but the government is now determined to use the Cabinet route rather than the Parliament route to pass contentious economic legislations. I expect in the next couple of months many more PSUs to be on the chopping block. The government is very clear, before the next budget in February at least three-four more PSUs will be part of the disinvestment roadmap that the Finance Minister has drawn for himself. Q: So from our part of the world do you expect a likely dull session or exciting? A: The good news is that politics seem to mater less and less. The fact is that you have got a government which has a remarkable victory in the general elections and then again inMaharashtra, it has led to some element of complacency and the opposition is still to get its act together. In that situation, I dont see many political contentious issuesbeing raised in the Parliament ona regular basis. It will be a relatively dull session barring the fact that you have got all the sugarcane farmers picketing the Parliament on day one and there by providing  Ajit Singh  his 15 seconds of glory. Q: That is important though because there are fairly liquid well-tracked sugar stocks in the equity market. Will the government have to blink on this one? A: They might have to because Uttar Pradesh is the one state which is being looked at very seriously by the government in terms of the congresss future prospect there. Already we are told today there could be an Rs 7,000 crore package for Bundelkhand in the Cabinet meeting later today. The sugarcane farmers issue is one which even Congressmen are saying that farmers need to be provided higher price for sugarcane and then this ordinance which this government is planning to bring is not acceptable.Sharad Pawarhimself leads a powerful sugar lobby inMaharashtraand he will have to a do a balancing act between the demands that the sugarcane farmers are placing on him. So you will perhaps see the government bending on the issue of sugarcane pricing. Thousands of farmers protesting low state-controlled sugarcane prices forced the postponement of the first day of the parliamentary winter session on Thursday, highlighting rural discontent over government policy. Some 5,000 farmers from Uttar Pradesh, Indias biggest cane producing state, marched to the opening of the parliament to demand higher state-set prices for sugarcane. Parts of the capital was disrupted by the protests, that were backed by opposition parties. The Congress-led coalition won re-election with a stronger mandate in May, raising hopes of quick reforms, but it has moved slowly and is still answerable to a reform-shy rural base. It faces political opposition to rapid change and deregulation as protests on Thursday highlighted. The government has given the states greater autonomy in fixing sugarcane prices, one of Indias biggest cash crops, in order to lift restrictions on a heavily-regulated sugar sector. But many farmers are unhappy with those state-set prices, saying they benefit sugar firms. The government has set a series of reforms ranging from the financial sector to law and order and gender equality as priorities for the winter parliament session. Investors are following whether Prime Minister  Manmohan Singh  will follow up on his pledge to push ahead with difficult financial reforms, particularly in the insurance and pension sectors. The state government has fixed the price the mills must pay to farmers at Rs 165-170 (USD 3.55-USD 3.66) per 100 kg, and farmers have been seeking a higher price that corresponds more to the rise in retail prices. We demand at least Rs 215 as the cane price, Anil Singh, national secretary of the National Alliance of Farmers Associations, told Reuters. Sugar output in Uttar Pradesh is likely to fall below estimates as the weakest monsoon in more than three decades has hit sucrose content in cane. As Pakistanis face an acute shortage of sugar, some families have found an easily available alternative to sweeten their tea: instead of a spoonful of sugar, they dissolve sweets in their tea. Shaikh Kashif, an embroiderer for a boutique in Karachi, said his favourite was a  Cadbury  Eclair. We cant live without tea so we had to do something, said Kashif, 27, from his small workshop in an upmarket city neighbourhood. It just costs a rupee (Pakistan rupee) per candy and is easier to get these days than sugar, he said. Pakistan is facing a shortage of more than 1 million tonnes of sugar largely because of a poor crop of sugarcane. Supplies have been particularly scarce since last month when surging prices led to a Supreme Court order to millers to sell sugar at Rs 40/kg (48 U.S. cents), compared with the then-market price of about Rs 46/kg. Government attempts to implement the court decision have led to confusion, sparking even higher market prices. Authorities are trying to get cheap supplies out to shoppers but sugar has almost disappeared at main retail markets in Karachi. Where it is available, it sells for as much as Rs 70 a kg. Thats not a problem for Kashif who said the sweets he put in his tea gave it a chocolaty taste. Some in my family didnt like that so theyre using a local candy which melts easily when you put it in a hot cup of tea, he said. We had to think of something to replace sugar and its worked for us. SOCIAL IMPACT ON SUGAR INDUSTRY Sugar Industry in India Indian sugar industry is the 2nd largest agro-industry with approximately 50 million sugarcane farmers and a large number of agricultural laborers (7.5% of the rural population) involved in sugarcane cultivation and ancillary activities. Though consumption of sugar in India has been growing at a steady rate of 3%, and is currently at 23.1 million tones, per capita consumption at 18 Kg (lower than world average of 22 Kg) indicates potential upside from a demand standpoint. Raw Material (Sugarcane) n India, sugarcane is the key raw material, planted once a year during January to March. It is the major cost driver for the production of sugar. It being an agricultural crop is subject to the unpredictable vagaries of nature, yielding either a bumper crop or a massive shortfall in its cultivation from year to year Industry Structure About 50% of the sugar capacity is controlled by Cooperatives Public sector mills. There are 566 sugar mills installed in the country, of which about 100 (mostly cooperatives) are not in operation. Almost half of the operational sugar cooperatives are in Maharashtra alone. Though most private players have been moving towards larger and integrated complexes, most cooperatives are still much smaller in capacity, and are standalone sugar mills. This has resulted in their becoming uncompetitive as compared to private mills. Government Policies Sugar has historically been classified as an essential commodity and has been regulated across the value chain. The heavy regulations in the sector artificially impact the demand-supply forces resulting in market imbalance Sensing this problem, since 1993 the regulations have been progressively eased. The key regulatory milestones include de-licensing of the industry in 1998 and the removal of control on storage and distribution in 2002. Value drivers Economical impact UP sugar mills agree to pay Rs 205-210 a quintal for cane  Sugar mills in Uttar Pradesh have offered to pay Rs 205-210 a quintal of cane for the ongoing 2009-10 crushing season. This is against the state advised price (SAP) of Rs 165-170 a quintal. The UP Sugar Mills Association (UPSMA) had on November 14 agreed to pay Rs 180 a quintal for regular cane and Rs 185 for early varieties. When this failed to enthuse growers, the mills announced an additional Rs 10 as incentive, taking the effective cane price to Rs 190-195. On Sunday last (November 29), they offered a further increase of Rs 10, translating into a price of Rs 200-205 a quintal. But these sweet offers failed to placate the growers, particularly in the western UP belt and the stir by farmers of the region culminated in a hugely attended sit-in at Shamli in Muzaffarnagar. On Tuesday (December 1), all the mills in western UP have accepted a new rate of Rs 205-210 per quintal. Following this offer, the farmers have also called off their stir and the industry hopes crushing will resume in full swing. The state has a total of 132 running sugar mills, out of which 90 are private mills. Last year mills in UP paid a SAP of Rs 140-145 a quintal. However, with more than 100 per cent jump in sugar prices due to a 43% drop in production in the year ended September 2009, farmers have been pressing for a higher price of Rs 280 per quintal. Sugar output in India, the worlds second largest producer, may fall short of the earlier estimate of 16 million tonnes in 2009-10 season. Sugar prices have touched Rs 40 a kg in the cities and with the hike in sugarcane prices, retail prices of sugar is bound to go up further. UP sugar mills enter price war to procure cane Low availability of cane and higher price realisation force mills to pay more. Low availability of sugarcane and high price realisation have forced a majority of sugar mills in Uttar Pradesh (UP) to enter into a price war quite early in the 2009-10 season (October-September). The mills are paying Rs 10 a quintal higher than the price of Rs 190-195 a quintal agreed unanimously by the private millers last week. UP is the second-largest sugar producing state after Maharashtra and top producers such as Bajaj Hindusthan and Balrampur Chini have all their operations in the state. A majority of sugar mills in western UP districts such as Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Saharanpur are now paying a price of Rs 200-205 a quintal for sugarcane. The state government had announced a state advised price (SAP) of Rs 165-170 a quintal. However, farmers association in the state led by the likes of Mahendra Singh Tikait and V M Singh have been protesting and seeking a price of Rs 280 a quintal since sugar realisation has moved to a record of Rs 33-34 a kg. Last year mills had paid a SAP of Rs 140-145 a quintal. However, with more than a 100 per cent jump in sugar prices due to a 43 per cent

A grace became a curse Essay --

For the past three years, the global economy has known a severe recession triggered by the financial meltdown and the collapse of the commercial and industrial activity in the world. This slowdown weighed its effects on the growth of economies worldwide. Algeria, which is not fully integrated into the international economy, is facing or will probably face some indirect effects of this crisis, but in a way less severe than in Europe; The payment of the debt by anticipation, the constitution of a reserve fund and, above all, the high volatility of oil’s prices have allowed Algeria, in the short term, to avoid a catastrophic scenario which could destroy the country. Algeria has all the material and human potential to be a pivotal country for development in the Euro-Mediterranean and the Arab-African areas. Unfortunately, Algeria is a country that depends on 96% of oil revenues. This uncertain business which is hostage of many externalities, can collapse at any time and drive t he whole county into a total chaos. The lack of diversification in the Algerian’s economy is making its future uncertain and its standard of living receding. Despite the severity of its effects and the extent of its damages, this crisis can be an opportunity for Algeria to question the supremacy of its economy. It presents the opportunity to straighten out the economy by the execution of profound structural changes which would generate real effects on the economy and on the employment in the long term, and to rethink a model of development for a successful and real transition to the market economy; build a growth which is released from the dependency to hydrocarbons and from the volatility of their prices to finally erase political system based hitherto e... ...ple where a young man never studied, doesn’t have any skills and depends on his parents, when he loses them; he ends up with no possibilities to make a living and realizes that he did invest his youth for his future. The Algerian’s economy is extremely weakened by the annuitant status. This vulnerability is the concatenation of the low diversification of the economy, but also stagnation and decline. Revenues from oil revenues are sufficient to keep it in a static state. Stagnation triumph without sharing. Other economic sectors without clear policies and strategies without defined. Economic actors are paralyzed by invisibility or absence of long-term programs, their inconsistency and lack of planning and vision for the future. The State seems more than ever a follower of the annuity, however, contrary to productive investment and any economic viability

Effectiveness: Communication and Team Members Essay

Aims / details: The primary purpose of the report is for you to work with three other people and undertake a study of an organization – the steps for establishing team performance plans, the development and facilitation of team cohesion, the facilitation of teamwork and, liaising with stakeholders. Reviewing the effectiveness of teams within an organization is imperative so that opportunities for improvements may be identified and investigated. The study necessitates an evaluation of an organization’s policies, procedures, processes and resources – whether they are sufficient, or whether additional arrangements need to be looked into. The study may reveal a need for: more documentation, infrastructural changes and/or employee requirements. During your study of the organisation you must consider the following: how are team members consulted about their roles, responsibilities and accountabilities; how do team members develop performance plans; how are team members supported in achieving performance outcomes; what are the strategies, policies and procedures to ensure team member participation; how is feedback about team member efforts provided; what are the processes for raising and addressing concerns; how are team members encouraged to take responsibility for team activities; how does the contributions of team members serve as a role model; how are communication processes established and maintained; what are the arrangements for communicating information; what are the arrangements for communicating issues and problems; how is corrective action evaluated and taken to resolve those issues and problems. From the information that is gathered, you will also be required to make recommendations for improving the problem areas that you may have identified. It will be crucial for you to liaise and interview the appropriate key personnel for this report. These may be: employees, the chief executive officer, direct superiors, other management representatives, board members,  business or government contacts, funding bodies, union/employee groups and representatives and work teams. Elements / performance criteria: This workplace related report would assess all the topics of the module Ensure Team Effectiveness. The assessment is done holistically. Remarks: This assignment must be presented in a report form and Presented professionally – bound or presented in a file. Include an assignment cover sheet, table of contents, introduction, body, recommendation/conclusion, and in the bibliography use the Chicago style referencing (refer to Summers, J and Smith, B 2004, Communication Skills Handbook. How to succeed in written and oral communication, Wiley, Queensland, Australia, Chapter 2). As a guide, the report should be approximately 10 to 12 pages-this excludes the bibliography / any other attachments. Typed/font size 12 (Times New Roman) or 10 (Arial) Margins to be 2.5 cm all round. Line Spacing – 1  ½ BRIEF REASONS must be given to support the points raised in your report. The project (report) will be marked according to the headings / guidelines as provided in the DAS – the outline of what are to be included. Note that each report may contain different details –as each organization may have different systems, procedures, processes and programs etc. You are expected to be able to aptly apply the concepts to a real life situation. Granted that there will always be a degree of difficulty in assessing all the details of any company, a fair amount of secondary data and ‘common sense’ will be needed in working through this project. The company that you are choosing to ‘study’ must be willing to be interviewed / provide information where necessary. Actual information on the organisation and relevant information of organizations in a similar industry must also be available / able to be obtained. The following headings could be used in your report. You could also choose to have your own ‘headings’ and /or add additional headings / sub- headings as you deem appropriate. The notes following the headings provide some guidance of the kinds of information and analysis that would need to be considered. Group Report Provide an appropriate title (as it relates to the organisation under study) Suggested headings For report – EnSURE TEAM EFFECTIVENESS (name of organisation) 1. Introduction Provide an overview of what this report entails – include aspects of the purpose of your report and what the report entails. You should also briefly include a brief overview of the organisation (for example, its name, type of business etc) 2. Sources of information Outline the various sources of information that you used to gather your information. Such sources could include gathering information from primary sources (e.g. the relevant personnel in the company- personally and via questionnaires) and secondary sources (e.g. company reports, documents). Include copies of your interviews as an appendix in the report. 3. Develop Headings and Sub-headings Clearly describe what is included/considered (keeping in mind the Module Topics, required knowledge and required skills). a) Establish Team Performance Plan Explain the mechanisms that the organization has in place for consulting with team members to establish a common understanding of team purpose, roles, responsibilities and accountabilities in accordance with organizational goals, plans and objectives Briefly outline the steps and procedures that the organization has to develop performance plans to establish expected outcomes, outputs, key performance indicators and goals for work team Describe the steps/procedures that the organization has to support team members in meeting expected performance outcomes b) Develop and Facilitate Team Cohesion Briefly outline / summarize the strategies the organisation has in place to ensure team members have input into planning, decision making and operational aspects of work team Explain the steps that the organisation has in place to develop policies and procedures to ensure team members take responsibility for own work and assist others to undertake required roles and responsibilities Describe the arrangements that the organization has to provide feedback to team members to encourage, value and reward individual and team efforts and contributions Summarize the steps/procedures that the organization has to develop processes to ensure that issues, concerns and problems identified by team members are recognized and addressed Include copies of the organization’s policies, procedures and codes of practice in the appendix of the report. If these are not available, you should note these and make suitable recommendations on how these deficiencies should be addressed. c) Facilitate Teamwork Explain the steps that the organisation has in place to encourage team members and individuals to participate in and to take responsibility for team activities, including communication processes Describe the procedures  that the organization has to support the team in identifying and resolving work performance problems Briefly describe the arrangements that the organisation has to ensure own contribution to work team serves as a role model for others and enhances the organization’s image for all stakeholders d) Liaise with Stakeholders Explain the processes that the organisation has in place to establish and maintain open communication with all stakeholders Describe the steps that the organization has in place to communicate information from line manager/management to the team Outline/summarize the arrangements that the organization has in place to communicate unresolved issues, concerns and problems raised by team members and follow-up with line manager/management and other relevant stakeholders Briefly explain the provisions of the organisation to evaluate and take necessary corrective action regarding unresolved issues, concerns and problems raised by internal or external stakeholders 4. Recommendations & Conclusion Briefly summarize your findings Outline the problem areas that have been identified.  Explain whether the current procedures, processes, activities and resources in the organization are sufficient, or whether additional arrangements might need to be looked into. Indicate what those arrangements are (i.e. more documentation, infrastructural changes and/or employee requirements)

Introduction to Flood Routing Essays

Introduction to Flood Routing Essays Introduction to Flood Routing Paper Introduction to Flood Routing Paper The Muskingum flow routing method has been very well researched and established in the hydrological literature. Its modest data requirements make it attractive for practical use. The paper gives a general overview of the Flood routing concept and types, and then goes on to explain the Muskingum method in detail. Introduction to Flood Routing Flood routing is a technique which is used to determine the flow hydrograph characteristics like shape and movement along a water course, and how these are affected by various factors like system storage and system dynamics on the shape and movement of flow hydrographs along a watercourse. In other words Flood routing can be described as a process of calculating outflow rates, reservoir stage and storage volume from a stream channel once inflows and channel characteristics are known. The process of flood routing is used for the hydrologic analysis in flood forecasting, flood protection, reservoir design and spillway design etc. The principle of routing is used here for predicting the temporal and spatial distribution of hydrograph, during the course of its travel through the various sections of a stream (Subramanya 2002). Basic Principles of Routing All hydrologic routing methods use a common continuity equation as their common base. According to this equation, the difference between inflow and outflow rates is equal to the rate of change of storage. Mathematically the equation can be written as below: (Gosh 1997 p. 67) In the above equation, I is the rate of inflow, and at any time the corresponding outflow is O. dS is the storage that is accumulated during a very small duration of time dt. Figure below represents the pictorial relation between storage S and discharge Q: (Flood Routing) The above equation considers the losses due to seepage, evaporation and direct accretion to storage, as small enough to be ignored. The equation can be written in integral form as below: (Watson 1983 p. 490) Flood routing methods aim to solve the above one-dimensional mass continuity equation. Flood routing methods classification There are many flood routing methods available like using St. Venant equations, Level Pool Routing, Goodrich Method, Pul’s Method, Kinematic Routing, Muskingum equation, Muskingum-Cunge routing etc. These methods can be divided into the following two categories: Hydrological routing – These methods mainly use the continuity equation Hydraulic routing – These methods combine the equation of continuity with the equation of motion for unsteady flow. (Subramanya 2002 p. 271) Types of Flood Routing In all the hydrologic analysis applications mentioned above, two categories of routing can be clearly recognised: Reservoir routing – In this type of routing, the effect of a flood wave entering a reservoir is studied. This is done by determining the volume-elevation characteristic of a reservoir in addition to the outflow-elevation characteristic of the spillway and also other outlet structures present in the reservoirs (Chadwick Morfett 1986 p318). The results are used to predict the variation of reservoir elevation and outflow discharge with respect to time. This type of routing is necessary for: Designing the capacity of the spillway and other outlet structures Determining the correct location and size of capacity of the reservoir pertaining to a particular requirement condition. Channel routing – In this type of routing, a study is made of the change in shape of a hydrograph as it travels down a channel. This done by considering a channel reach i. e. the specific length of the stream channel, and an input hydrograph at the upstream end of the stream. The results are used to predict the flood hydrograph at various sections of the reach (Chadwick Morfett 1986 p. 322). The output data obtained using this method is, the information on the flood-peak attenuation and, the total duration of the high-water levels. This type of routing is considered very important for: Flood-forecasting operations Flood-protection related work Hydrologic Channel Routing In case of reservoir routing, the storage is a function of output discharge, whereas in case of channel routing, the storage is a function of both inflow and outflow discharges. This is the main reason why entirely different routing methods are needed for Channel routing. When a river is in flood, the flow can be characterized as gradually varied unsteady flow. In a particular channel reach the water surface as expected is not parallel to the channel both. Additionally it also varies with time. At the time of flood, the total volume in storage can be divided into two categories: Prism storage – This is defined as the volume that would exist in case there is uniform flow at the downstream depth. i. e. Prism storage = Wedge storage – This term represents the wedge-like volume which is formed between the actual water surface profile and the prism storage surface i. e. Wedge storage = In the downstream section of a river reach, the prism storage is observed to be constant, when the depth is fixed. However, the wedge storage changes from positive to negative depending on the type of flood. The wedge storage is positive at the time of advancing flood, while it is negative in case of a receding flood. (Subramanya 2002 p. 282-283) (Flow Routing 2) .Muskingum Method Introduction Flood routing in open channels can be determined using a variety of modeling procedures. These methods follow a wide range of methodologies, which can be categorized as: Simple like Muskingum-type approximations – Which have modest data requirements Complex like Muskingum–Cunge methods – Where the typically calibrated Muskingum routing parameters are related to physical and hydraulic characteristics such as reach length, flood wave celerity, unit width discharge and channel bed slope Highly complicated like the solution of the full dynamic flow i. e. St Venant equations – Which require surveyed cross-sectional channel profiles and flow resistance data Out of these the Muskingum and Muskingum–Cunge methods are well established in the hydrological literature, and the modest data requirements make these procedures attractive even though more rigorous hydraulic models are available for unsteady flow routing.

Selecting An Article On Current Events Within The Native American

Selecting An Article On Current Events Within The Native American Selecting An Article On Current Events Within The Native American Communities And Analyzing / – Coursework Example Article Review: â€Å"Native Cry Challenges Indian Country To Walk 10,000 Steps for Suicide Awareness† An article written by a staff of Indian County Today Media Network (ICTMN) entitled â€Å"Native Cry Challenges Indian Country To Walk 10,000 Steps for Suicide Awareness† published online on 23 January 2013 proffered relevant issues about an organization’s pledge and commitment for Native American Indians to â€Å"stand up for suicide awareness†1. The organization, Native Cry Outreach Alliance, reportedly co-founded by the featured Quechan tribal member, acknowledged the need to enhance awareness to this dilemma since, according to its official website, â€Å"Native American youth are among the highest suicide rates of any ethnicity†2. To assist in addressing the ultimate cause of the youths’ alleged depression in contemporary times, it would be crucial to understand the historical origin on the people. As emphasized by Calloway (2011), from the written experience of Keith Basso among the Western Apaches: â€Å"For Indian men and women, the past lies embedded in features of the earth†¦ Knowledge of places is therefore closely linked to knowledge of the self, to grasping one’s position in the larger scheme of things, including one’s own community, and to securing a confident sense of who one is as a person†3. Therefore, there should be a more in-depth understanding on the root cause of Native American youth’s depression that ultimately leads them to decide on taking their own lives in contemporary times. BibliographyBasso, Keith H. Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language among the Western Apache. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996.Calloway, Colin G. First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History. Bedford/St. Martins, 2011.ICTMN Staff. "Native Cry Challenges Indian Country To Walk 10,000 Steps for Suicide Awareness." Indian County Today Media Network. January 23, 2013. http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/01/23/native-cry-challenges-indian-country-walk-10000-steps-suicide-awareness-147180 (accessed January 23, 2013 ).NativeCry.org. "NativeCry.org Daily News." 2013. nativecry.org/ (accessed January 23, 2013).